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How Islamic inheritance works

A plain-language guide to Sunni farāʾiḍ — who your heirs are, their fixed shares, the order in which your estate is settled, and the terms you'll meet along the way.

What is Al-Mawārīth

An obligation made simple

Distributing a deceased Muslim's estate according to the fixed shares prescribed in the Qurʾān is a duty upon those left behind. Al-Mawārīth transforms these rulings, found in Qurʾān 4:11, 4:12, and 4:176 and explained in the Sunnah, into an accurate, transparent calculation that you can understand and verify.

Accurate shares

Your heirs' fixed Qurʾānic shares (farāʾiḍ), the residue to your agnates (ʿaṣabah), ʿawl and radd — all computed exactly for you.

Explains every heir with evidence

As you build the family tree, discover who inherits, who is blocked (ḥajb), and the evidence behind every ruling—so you don't just calculate the shares; you understand the fiqh.

Authorised by a Scholar or Al-Mawārīth Expert

For a binding distribution, request a qualified scholar or Al-Mawārīth expert to review your family's exact circumstances and issue a signed Al-Mawārīth report.

How it works

From Family to Distribution in Four Steps

Settle the Estate's Expenses, Debts, and Waṣiyyah

Funeral, shrouding, and burial expenses are settled first, followed by outstanding debts (including unpaid Zakāt that was due, mahr, and kaffārāt). Finally, any valid bequest (waṣiyyah) of up to one-third of the estate is fulfilled, if applicable.

Give the Fixed Shares

The spouse, parents, daughters, sons' daughters, grandmothers, and other prescribed heirs (dhawū al-furūḍ) receive their fixed Qurʾānic shares.

Pass the Residue to the Agnates

Any remaining estate passes to the nearest eligible agnatic heir (ʿaṣabah) in the prescribed order: sons, then sons' sons, father, paternal grandfather (subject to scholarly differences of opinion), full and paternal brothers, full and paternal brothers' sons (nephews), full and paternal uncles, and their sons (cousins).

Adjust and Finalise

Apply ʿawl if the prescribed shares exceed the estate, or radd if a surplus remains and is returned to the eligible heirs. Then view each heir's exact share.

Built to Teach

More Than a Number

Guided Walkthrough

A step-by-step mode that teaches the ruling behind each heir while providing a live preview of the shares as they are calculated.

Itemised Estate

Enter property, cash, shares, jewellery, businesses, and other assets, together with liabilities such as Zakāt, expenses, loans, and kaffārāt, while viewing a live net estate total.

Learn Hub

Explore plain-language explanations of the heirs, the order of distribution, waṣiyyah, waqf, and a glossary of every term used.

All Heirs—Including Cousins

Covers every eligible heir, from the closest relatives to the son of the paternal uncle (ibn al-ʿamm) and other residuary agnates that many calculators omit.

Download a Report

Generate a clean PDF of the inheritance distribution, complete with the calculations and reasoning, for your executor and family.

Verify with an Expert

Have special cases and larger estates reviewed and authorised by a qualified scholar or Al-Mawārīth expert.

The order of distribution

Nothing from your estate reaches your heirs until four things happen, in this order:

Funeral & burial

Your funeral and burial costs are met first.

Debts

All your debts are paid — including unpaid Zakāt, any outstanding mahr you owe, and kaffārāt (expiations), alongside loans and taxes.

Bequest (waṣiyyah)

You may will up to one-third to non-heirs or charity. Anything beyond a third needs your heirs' consent.

The fixed shares & residue

What remains is divided among your heirs by the Qurʾānic shares, then the residue passes to your agnates.

Your heirs, explained

Fixed sharers · aṣḥāb al-furūḍ

Those with a named share

  • Spouse — your husband takes 1/2 (1/4 if you leave descendants); your wife 1/4 (1/8 with descendants). Qurʾān 4:12.
  • Mother — your mother takes 1/3, reduced to 1/6 if you leave children or two or more siblings.
  • Father — your father takes 1/6 when your son survives; otherwise he takes the residue too.
  • Daughters — your only daughter takes 1/2; two or more share 2/3 (when you leave no son).
  • Grandmothers — your qualifying grandmother takes 1/6.
  • Maternal half-siblings — your maternal half-siblings take 1/6 for one, 1/3 shared for more; males and females equal.
Residuaries · ʿaṣabah

Those who take what remains

After the fixed shares, the remainder of your estate passes to your nearest male-line relative, in strict order:

  • Your sons → their sons (lifting your daughters at 2:1)
  • Your father → your paternal grandfather
  • Your full brothers → paternal half-brothers
  • Their sons (nephews)
  • Your paternal uncles → their sons — the ibn al-ʿamm (your cousin)

A nearer agnate always excludes a more distant one.

Ḥajb (exclusion): a core rule is that a nearer heir can block a more distant one — for example, your son blocks your brothers and your grandchildren through a son. The calculator shows you exactly who is blocked, and why, as you enter your family.

When the shares don't add up

ʿAwl — proportional reduction

If your heirs' fixed shares together exceed your whole estate, every share is reduced in the same proportion so they sum to one. No heir is dropped; all are diminished together.

Radd — return of surplus

If the fixed shares don't use up your estate and there's no agnate to take the rest, the surplus returns proportionally to your Qurʾānic heirs — excluding your spouse.

Ongoing charity

Understanding waqf

A waqf is a permanent endowment: you lock an asset and only its benefit is given to a purpose — a ṣadaqah jāriyah whose reward continues for you after death.

Waqf khayrī — charitable

Benefit flows to the community: mosques, wells, schools, hospitals, feeding the poor.

Waqf ahlī — family

Income supports the founder's descendants; when the line ends it passes to charity. It may not unfairly deprive the Qurʾānic heirs.

Waqf mushtarak — mixed

Part of the benefit supports the family and part supports public charity.

Cash waqf

Money is endowed and invested; the capital is preserved and the returns are spent on the cause.

Waqf and the estate: a waqf you make in your lifetime leaves your estate before inheritance; a waqf in your will counts within your one-third bequest limit. Settle your conditions — especially for a family waqf — with a qualified scholar.
Common questions

FAQ

Does the calculator replace a scholar?

No. It's an educational guide that applies the standard Sunni rules accurately, but the binding distribution depends on who is actually alive at death and can involve cases needing scholarly judgement. For a binding, signed distribution, request a scholar review.

Which school (madhhab) does it follow?

It implements Sunni farāʾiḍ (the position broadly agreed across the four schools), applying ʿawl and radd. A few contested cases — such as the grandfather with siblings — are noted and referred to a scholar.

Why does a wife's share change?

A wife takes 1/4, but only 1/8 if the deceased left children or grandchildren through a son (Qurʾān 4:12). The calculator updates this live as you add heirs.

Do adopted children or non-Muslim relatives inherit?

These are special cases with specific rulings — an adopted child does not inherit by farāʾiḍ, and a non-Muslim heir's status needs scholarly review. Flag them in a scholar review request.

Is superannuation part of the estate?

It depends on whether it's paid to the estate or under a binding nomination. Enter it under the estate only if it forms part of what is distributed — and confirm with a scholar for your jurisdiction.

Reference

Glossary

Al-Mawārīth
The Islamic law of inheritance — the division of a deceased person's estate.
Farāʾiḍ
The fixed shares laid down in the Qurʾān, and the science of calculating them.
ʿAṣabah
The residuary agnates — male-line relatives who take whatever remains after the fixed shares.
ʿAwl
Proportional reduction of shares when the fixed shares exceed the whole estate.
Radd
Return of surplus to the Qurʾānic heirs (excluding the spouse) when no agnate remains.
Ḥajb
Exclusion — a nearer heir blocking a more distant one.
Waṣiyyah
A bequest, valid up to one-third of the estate for non-heirs or charity.
Ibn al-ʿamm
The son of a paternal uncle (a cousin) — a residuary agnate of the fourth rank.
Kalāla
A deceased with no ascendants or descendants — governed by Qurʾān 4:176.